Kyiv - On Thursday, Ukraine received approval to initiate accelerated discussions on joining the European Union, providing a significant boost to the war-torn country and sending a strong message to Vladimir Putin. However, the actual process of becoming an EU member may take several years.
Understanding the EU and its accession process is crucial. The European Union originated post-World War II with the aim of preventing conflicts between Germany and France, evolving into a trade bloc with 27 democratic member nations. Joining the EU entails a meticulous process, requiring candidate countries to align their laws, standards, and institutions with the bloc's, emphasizing democratic norms.
For Ukraine, EU membership holds great importance, serving as a pathway to economic prosperity and stability. While not a military alliance like NATO, EU membership is viewed by some as a defense against Russian influence. Ukraine's official application for EU accession, submitted shortly after Russia's invasion in February 2022, highlighted its desire for security and economic growth.
Although the commencement of membership talks is a positive step for Ukraine, challenges lie ahead. The EU outlined specific issues, such as corruption and language restrictions, that Ukraine must address. Despite progress in recent months, there is still a considerable distance to cover.
The complexity of Ukraine's EU journey is evident in the divided opinions within the EU. While most member countries support Ukraine's bid, Hungary's Prime Minister Viktor Orban, a key ally of Putin, initially opposed the talks. However, in a surprising move, Orban stepped aside during the vote, allowing discussions to begin.
This initial approval signifies solidarity with Ukraine, especially amid waning U.S. military support and a stalled Ukrainian counteroffensive. It also offers hope to Ukraine, even though immediate financial aid from the EU was not agreed upon.
The EU's cautious approach to enlargement, influenced by past challenges like debt crises and migration, has shifted due to the urgency created by Russia's invasion. This decision, signaling a departure from "enlargement fatigue," has implications for other candidate countries, raising questions about favoritism.
The complexities of EU accession are exemplified by the stalled progress of other candidates, such as Turkey, and the challenges faced by countries in the Balkans. The unresolved issues in Bosnia, Serbia-Kosovo relations, and the uncertain future of mercenaries following Russia's retreat add further dimensions to the evolving geopolitical landscape.