The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is set to announce emergency measures, potentially ordering Israel to cease its military operations in Gaza. The case, initiated by South Africa, accuses Israel of genocide, with both nations presenting their arguments over the past two weeks. Israel strongly denies the allegations, emphasizing its right to self-defense against Hamas attacks.

The Hamas-initiated offensive in October resulted in around 1,300 casualties, primarily civilians, and the abduction of 250 hostages. South Africa, a staunch supporter of the Palestinian cause, has urged the ICJ to issue nine provisional measures, including a halt to Israeli military activities, while the genocide accusation is under consideration. A final ruling on the genocide claim is not expected for an extended period, possibly years.

Israel vehemently opposes the genocide allegations, accusing South Africa of distorting facts and defending its actions as targeted at Hamas fighters rather than civilians. Israel has urged the court to dismiss South Africa's request, labeling it as based on "grossly distorted" and unfounded claims of a nonexistent genocide.

The 17-judge panel, including one representative from South Africa and one from Israel, faces two key questions in reaching a ruling on Friday. Firstly, whether South Africa has met the initial criteria for its claim to be addressed under the UN's 1948 Genocide Convention, with a relatively low bar at this preliminary stage. Secondly, the judges will assess whether there is a credible risk of irreparable harm to the Palestinian people in Gaza if Israel's military actions persist.

While the ICJ's rulings are theoretically legally binding, they lack enforceability. If the ruling goes against Israel, it is likely to be disregarded. However, it could exert additional political pressure on Israel to pursue a ceasefire and intensify calls on its international allies to work behind the scenes for a resolution, ensuring humanitarian aid reaches those in need.