Nestled in the historic city of Old Goa, Se Cathedral stands as a monumental testament to Portuguese colonial ambition and deep-rooted Catholic faith. Recognized as one of the largest churches in Asia, this 16th-century architectural marvel is not just a religious landmark but a symbol of power, conquest, and spiritual legacy that continues to echo through the centuries.
The Se Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral of Santa Catarina, was built to commemorate the Portuguese victory over a Muslim army in 1510 under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque. This military triumph marked the beginning of Portuguese rule in Goa, and the construction of the cathedral was intended as both a celebration and an assertion of Christian dominance in the region.
Though the victory occurred in 1510, the construction of the church began only in 1562, under the reign of King Dom Sebastião, and was completed in 1619. It was consecrated in 1640, taking nearly 80 years from conception to completion.
Se Cathedral is a majestic example of Portuguese-Gothic architecture, infused with elements of Corinthian and Tuscan styles. The cathedral measures an impressive 76 meters in length and 55 meters in breadth, with its vaulted ceilings soaring to 35 meters.
The exterior of the church is relatively plain, but its massive façade and towering bell make a powerful impression. Originally, the cathedral had two towers, but one collapsed in 1776 and was never rebuilt. The remaining tower houses the “Golden Bell”, considered the largest in Goa and revered for its rich tone.
Inside, the Se Cathedral evokes a deep sense of solemnity and spiritual grandeur. The main altar is dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria, the patron saint of the cathedral. It is ornately gilded and features scenes from her martyrdom. Adjacent to the altar is a painting that depicts the saint’s mystic marriage to Christ.
There are also six side chapels, each intricately designed, and a beautifully carved wooden pulpit that reflects the craftsmanship of Portuguese artisans. The Chapel of the Cross of Miracles within the cathedral is of special importance to pilgrims. According to legend, a vision of Christ appeared on the cross kept in this chapel in the 17th century.
Today, the Se Cathedral is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site complex in Old Goa, along with other historic churches like the Basilica of Bom Jesus and the Church of St. Francis of Assisi. It remains a functioning place of worship and hosts significant religious events, especially on St. Catherine’s feast day (November 25).
The cathedral also stands as a cultural reminder of the complex legacy of colonialism — a blend of evangelism, conquest, and cultural imposition. For history enthusiasts, pilgrims, and tourists alike, the Se Cathedral offers a profound window into an era when faith and empire walked hand in hand.