Scottish researchers are pioneering an innovative AI tool that could revolutionize the early detection of dementia by analyzing photographs of the retina during routine eye tests. The groundbreaking project, spearheaded by the University of Edinburgh and Glasgow Caledonian University, is part of the NeurEYE research initiative.
The retina, often referred to as a "biological barometer" of brain health, contains intricate blood vessels that can reveal early indicators of neurodegenerative diseases. Using a dataset of nearly one million eye scans—the largest of its kind globally—the NeurEYE team has developed an AI algorithm capable of assessing vascular health in the retina, potentially predicting brain changes before symptoms appear.
Professor Baljean Dhillon, co-lead of the NeurEYE project, emphasized the accessibility and potential of this technology. “The retina holds a wealth of information about our brain health. With simple, inexpensive equipment available in high-street opticians, we can now harness photographs of the retina to predict future brain changes,” he said.
Dementia, which affects memory, speech, and cognition, currently impacts one in 14 people over the age of 65 and one in six over 80, according to Dementia UK. Early detection is crucial for improving patient care and providing families with time to adapt and plan.
David Steele, a retired engineer from Scotland, highlighted the potential impact of earlier diagnosis. His mother, who suffered from Alzheimer's-related cerebral blindness, was initially misdiagnosed with macular degeneration. “If the link had been made 10 years ago, it would have allowed my family to prepare better and given my father a chance for a better quality of life,” Steele shared.
Specialist optometrist Ian Cameron from Edinburgh described the eye as a “window to the whole body,” noting its unique ability to reveal conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and neurological disorders. Cameron urged the public to prioritize regular eye tests every two years, emphasizing that early detection leads to improved health outcomes.
The NeurEYE team aims to release a prototype of the tool later this year, with a nationwide rollout expected by 2026. This development could position routine eye exams as a frontline defense against dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases.
By bridging advanced AI technology with accessible healthcare practices, this innovation marks a significant step forward in proactive, preventative healthcare.