Washington: The United States’ new COVID-19 vaccination guidelines have sparked confusion among citizens and healthcare providers as differing federal recommendations complicate access to updated shots.

Under the revised policy, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has limited vaccine approval mainly to adults aged 65 and older and individuals with underlying health conditions. Younger Americans are now being encouraged to consult their doctors before receiving the vaccine, a shift from the previous nationwide recommendation for all adults.

Health experts and public officials say the change has created a patchwork of rules across the country. In some states such as Utah, Georgia, and Louisiana, prescriptions were initially required for COVID vaccinations, though most have since dropped those restrictions after public pushback. Pharmacies and clinics have reported a sharp decline in vaccination rates, with national data showing a 25 percent drop in immunizations during the four weeks ending October 3.

Officials at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), now led by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., have defended the shift, describing it as a move toward “personal choice and informed decision-making.” However, critics argue that the lack of clear coordination between the FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has deepened public uncertainty.

The CDC’s latest advisory committee guidelines have expanded access again, stating that anyone aged six months and older can receive the COVID vaccine through shared decision-making with healthcare providers. Pregnant women have also been re-added to the list of those eligible after earlier confusion about their inclusion.

Despite these updates, the rollout remains uneven. Some pharmacies report limited stock of new vaccines, and logistical challenges continue in rural areas. Medical associations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics have also released their own recommendations, urging broader access for children and high-risk populations.

Public health experts warn that the fragmented system could undermine trust and widen inequality. For many low-income and rural residents, the new rules make it harder to access vaccines that were once readily available through walk-in pharmacy programs.

As government agencies work to align their messaging, health professionals say the focus must return to clarity and accessibility. Without consistent direction, they fear the ongoing confusion may further weaken public confidence and vaccination rates ahead of the winter season.