Peter, also called Simon Peter of Cephas, is regarded as the first Pope of the Catholic Church. Peter had humble origins despite becoming a Pope and becoming one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles. Jesus called him the "rock on which I’ll build my church" in Matthew 16:18.

Peter, the son of Jonah, was a native of Bethsaida, which is close to Lake Tiberias. He went fishing on Lake Genesareth with his brother Andrew. In Luke Chapter 5, the Bible describes how the brothers encountered Jesus. Peter and the others felt disappointed since they had spent the entire night trying to catch fish but had been unsuccessful. Jesus instructed Peter to cast the net in search of a catch as soon as he boarded Peter's boat. Even though Peter mentions the outcome from the previous night, he nevertheless abides by what Jesus instructed. As a result, he caught so many fish that his nets tore and their boats became so overloaded that they began to sink. Following this, Jesus invited him and the others to be "fishers of men". Peter immediately followed Jesus, and his life changed completely.

Peter is infamous for having "little faith" even though he was one of the first disciples chosen to follow Jesus and eventually rose to the position of group spokesperson. This can be observed in the events where Peter walks on water (Matthew 14) and when he betrays the Lord by saying he didn't know him on the night of His passion (Mark 14:66–72).

Christ appeared in front of the disciples multiple times after his resurrection. When Peter is given three chances to confess his love for Jesus, he does so, according to the account in John 21:12–23. This enables Peter to strike a balance between his three prior denials.

The book of Acts makes it quite obvious that Peter served as the undisputed leader of the Apostles in the period following Christ's Ascension. He then appointed Judas Iscariot's replacement, spoke to the crowds for the first time after the Holy Spirit descended at Pentecost, was the first Apostle to work miracles in the Lord's name, and judged the dishonest Ananias and Sapphira, who were both robbing the church members and God.

The Gentiles were helped by Peter in receiving the Gospel. He baptized Cornelius, a Roman pagan, and supported preaching to Gentiles in the Council of Jerusalem, allowing the new Church to become worldwide.

The stories about Peter are so many that it is almost hard to cover all of them, but one that stands out is the one about how, while being held captive by King Herod Agrippa, he managed to escape with the aid of an angel.

Peter resumed his apostolate in Jerusalem after making his escape, and as part of his missionary work, he visited towns in the pagan world like Antioch, Corinth, and eventually Rome. In his first Epistle, he noted that he writes from Babylon, alluding to the Eternal City. Peter's martyrdom occurred in Rome and is known to have occurred in 64 AD, thought to be during Emperor Nero's reign, according to several writings.

Tradition holds that because Peter considered himself unworthy of dying in the same manner as the Lord, hence he was crucified upside down on Vatican Hill. Following that, he was laid to rest in Rome near the Vatican on Vatican Hill. Despite the slope of Vatican Hill, which first required excavation, Emperor Constantine I honored Peter with a large basilica over the location of his tomb in the early fourth century.

Human bones were discovered beneath the altar of St. Peter's Basilica in 1950, and many said they belonged to Peter. Discarded material from the excavation beneath St. Peter's Basilica was re-examined in the 1960s and identified as male human bones. Due to this discovery, Pope Paul VI declared in 1968 that they most likely belonged to the Apostle Peter. During a Mass held in St. Peter's Square on November 24, 2013, Pope Francis made the nine bone pieces' relics publicly visible for the first time.

While June 29 is Peter's primary feast day, he is also celebrated on February 22 and November 18. He is shown as an old man clutching a book and a key in liturgical art. The cock, a boat, and an inverted cross are some of his symbols. He serves as the patron saint of shipbuilders, fishermen, and net makers.

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