The Holy See has issued a compelling new document titled 'Antiqua et Nova: Note on the Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence and Human Intelligence', underscoring the profound ethical dimensions of artificial intelligence (AI). Released by the Dicasteries for the Doctrine of the Faith and for Culture and Education, the document consolidates years of reflection on AI's implications for human dignity, the common good, and the Catholic faith.

Addressed to educators, faith leaders, and all those committed to ethical scientific progress, 'Antiqua et Nova; examines AI's potential to transform fields such as education, healthcare, economy, labor, human relations, and even warfare. While the document acknowledges AI's promise as a tool for human advancement, it emphasizes the risks associated with unchecked development, urging that technology serves humanity and the common good.

Bishop Paul Tighe, Secretary of the Dicastery for Culture and Education, described the document as a starting point for debate rather than a conclusive statement. “AI should be used to complement human intelligence rather than replace its richness,” he noted, stressing the need for collective responsibility in guiding AI development.

Central to the document is the distinction between human intelligence and AI. Quoting Pope Francis, it cautions against misleadingly anthropomorphizing AI, stating, “AI should not be seen as an artificial form of human intelligence, but as a product of it.” Human intelligence, it argues, encompasses purpose, meaning, and moral discernment—qualities beyond AI’s logical and mathematical capabilities.

The document warns that equating AI with human intelligence could exacerbate social inequalities, heighten the digital divide, and concentrate power within a few influential corporations, raising significant ethical concerns.

'Antiqua et Nova' delivers a grave warning about the use of AI in autonomous weapons systems, which could strike targets without human intervention. Echoing Pope Francis’ call for a ban on such technologies, the document highlights their potential to destabilize global security and cause catastrophic harm to civilians.

In the economic sphere, the document critiques the potential of AI to displace workers, erode skills, and increase workplace surveillance. While AI can enhance productivity, its misuse risks perpetuating social inequalities and reducing human labor to repetitive, dehumanized tasks.

AI’s role in education is explored as both an opportunity and a challenge. The document praises AI’s ability to expand access to education but warns against over-reliance on automated tools that may hinder critical thinking and creativity. It also cautions against the spread of AI-generated misinformation, urging educators to prioritize truth and ethical discernment.

The healthcare sector, too, faces both promise and peril. While AI offers groundbreaking applications in diagnostics and personalized medicine, the document warns that it should not replace the doctor-patient relationship, as this risks exacerbating feelings of isolation in patients. Moreover, the unequal distribution of advanced AI tools could reinforce disparities in healthcare access.

The document critiques AI’s potential to harm human relationships, warning against deceptive uses of AI in personal and social interactions. It also raises concerns about digital surveillance and data misuse, emphasizing the need to safeguard individual privacy and conscience.

'Antiqua et Nova*' also addresses the environmental impact of AI. The vast energy and water consumption of AI models contribute significantly to CO2 emissions, raising questions about their sustainability. The document calls for AI applications that promote care for the environment and the "common home."

Ultimately, the Vatican’s message is one of cautious optimism. AI, the document insists, must be guided by ethical principles that prioritize human dignity, relationality, and the common good. It calls for “wisdom of the heart,” reminding humanity that true intelligence encompasses not only reason but also empathy, purpose, and a shared responsibility for the world.

As the world navigates the rapid evolution of AI, 'Antiqua et Nova' offers a crucial moral framework, urging society to embrace AI as a tool for human flourishing rather than a replacement for the richness of human intelligence.