The Netherlands has taken a firm stance against foreign espionage, with its parliament approving a sweeping new law on Tuesday that criminalizes both digital espionage and diaspora espionage—a practice where foreign powers attempt to influence communities in the Netherlands with ties to their home countries.

This expanded legislation builds on existing laws, making it illegal to leak sensitive information or work on behalf of foreign governments in ways that harm Dutch national interests. Violators could face up to eight years in prison, while cases involving espionage leading to death could carry sentences of up to 12 years.

“Espionage is an unfortunate but frequent reality. As a country, we must bolster our defenses against foreign threats. This law strengthens our ability to protect the Netherlands from evolving espionage tactics,” said Justice Minister David van Weel.

The legislation follows heightened concerns over foreign intelligence activities, particularly from China. Last year, Dutch intelligence agencies warned that Chinese cyber espionage was more extensive than previously believed, targeting Western governments and defense companies.

In 2022, the Dutch government ordered the closure of two Chinese offices, citing an investigation into their activities. While China claimed these offices provided administrative services for Chinese citizens, Dutch media reported they were allegedly used to intimidate dissidents.

With this new law, the Netherlands aims to reinforce national security and curb foreign interference, particularly in an era of increasing cyber and geopolitical threats.