New Delhi: A United States congressional commission has reported that China used the May 2025 India Pakistan military clash as an opportunity to test its latest weapons and intelligence systems. The findings are part of the 2025 annual report submitted by the US China Economic and Security Review Commission to the American Congress.

According to the report, China treated the four day conflict from May seven to ten as a field testing ground. The commission says Pakistan relied heavily on Chinese supplied weapons and also shared real time information about Indian military movements with Chinese authorities.

The report says Beijing used the situation to assess the performance of its systems including the HQ 9 air defence system, PL 15 air to air missiles and J 10 fighter jets. US analysts believe this raises fresh concerns about Chinas growing military role in South Asia.

The commission also notes that after the conflict China offered Pakistan a new defence package. This includes around 40 J 35 fifth generation fighter jets, KJ 500 early warning aircraft and advanced missile defence systems.

India had launched strong retaliation after the Pahalgam attack that killed 26 people. During the exchange, Pakistan is believed to have used Chinese weapons and Chinese intelligence support. The report also suggests that China used the aftermath of the conflict to promote its weapons internationally by highlighting their performance.

India has previously criticised portions of the US commission report, especially its description of the Pahalgam attack. China has denied accusations of using the conflict to conduct weapons marketing or intelligence trials.

The report has triggered fresh debate on the strategic balance in the region and the deepening military partnership between China and Pakistan.