The recent all-female suborbital flight by Blue Origin, featuring celebrities like Katy Perry and journalist Gayle King, has reignited discussions about who qualifies as an "astronaut." This debate centers on whether participants in brief, commercial spaceflights should bear the same title as career astronauts who undergo extensive training and undertake complex missions.

Historical Context of the 'Astronaut' 

In the 1960s, the U.S. Air Force awarded astronaut status to pilots of the experimental X-15 jet who flew above 50 miles (80 km). This benchmark became a reference point for defining space travel. However, with the advent of commercial spaceflights, such as those by Virgin Galactic and Blue Origin, the criteria for this designation are being reexamined.

The Kármán Line and Its Implications

The Kármán line, set at 100 km (62 miles) above Earth's surface, is often cited as the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space. Blue Origin's New Shepard flights surpass this line, while Virgin Galactic's flights reach slightly lower altitudes. This distinction has led to debates about the legitimacy of the "astronaut" title for participants of these missions.

Diverse Perspectives on Terminology

Many private space travelers prefer terms like "private astronaut," "spaceflight participant," or "private space explorer" over "space tourist," arguing that their roles involve more than mere observation. They often undergo rigorous training and, in some cases, conduct scientific experiments during their flights. Agencies like NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency use the term "spaceflight participant" to distinguish these individuals from career astronauts.

Conclusion: Navigating New Definitions in Space Travel

As commercial space travel becomes more prevalent, the terminology used to describe participants will likely continue to evolve. Balancing respect for traditional astronaut achievements with recognition of new forms of space exploration is essential. Clear and inclusive definitions will help acknowledge the diverse experiences of all who venture beyond Earth's atmosphere.