Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have reached a significant milestone in their June 2025 peace agreement by outlining a regional economic integration framework aimed at addressing long-standing causes of conflict and fostering stability through cooperation in key sectors. The agreement, announced on August 1, marks progress in implementing a U.S.-brokered peace deal signed in Washington.

According to sources familiar with the matter, the framework encompasses cooperation in energy, infrastructure development, mineral supply chains, tourism, national parks, and public health. Priority projects under this framework include the Ruzizi III hydropower plant and Lake Kivu methane gas development, which are intended to benefit both countries. These initiatives aim to support regional energy needs, industrialization, and sustainable economic growth.

Both Rwanda and the DRC reaffirmed their sovereign rights to manage their natural resources and committed to enhancing domestic capacities in the transformation and export of minerals. The agreement also stipulates closer collaboration between the government and the private sector, with a consultation process involving civil society now underway. A formal signing ceremony is expected to take place during an upcoming White House summit, though a specific date has not been confirmed.

The announcement followed the inaugural meeting of the joint oversight committee, which includes representatives from Rwanda, the DRC, the African Union, Qatar, and the United States. The committee is responsible for monitoring implementation and resolving disputes related to the peace accord.

However, implementation of the security elements of the peace deal remains incomplete. The joint security coordination mechanism, mandated to convene within 30 days of the original signing, has not yet held its first meeting. It is now scheduled for August 7 in Addis Ababa. Rwanda is expected to withdraw its troops from eastern DRC within 90 days, while the DRC is tasked with neutralizing the FDLR militia during the same timeframe. Neither condition has been fulfilled as of early August, though U.S. officials have stated that progress remains on track.

Despite the positive momentum, concerns persist among international observers and civil society groups. Critics argue that the agreement may prioritize economic interests over accountability and community inclusion. The M23 rebel group, a key actor in the eastern Congo conflict, was not part of the Washington agreement and continues separate negotiations in Qatar.

The economic framework, if effectively implemented, could mark a turning point in regional cooperation and stability. It reflects growing international interest in the Great Lakes region’s critical mineral reserves and its potential role in global supply chains. Yet, much will depend on how swiftly and inclusively the agreement is executed, particularly on the security front.