Kathmandu: Tribhuvan International Airport, Nepal’s only international gateway, was closed with immediate effect on Tuesday as violent protests rocked the capital, leaving dozens dead and prompting the resignation of Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli.

The closure came after escalating clashes between security forces and demonstrators near the airport. Tear gas and smoke were seen in the vicinity, forcing authorities to ground all domestic and international flights. Airlines including Air India and IndiGo cancelled their Kathmandu services, citing safety concerns for passengers and crew.

The unrest was triggered by the government’s September 4 decision to ban 26 major social media platforms such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, and YouTube for failing to register under new rules. The ban, seen as censorship, sparked a wave of youth-led protests under the banner of anti-corruption and digital freedom. By September 8, the demonstrations had turned deadly, with at least 19 people killed and hundreds injured in clashes.

Protesters went on to torch residences of senior leaders, including Prime Minister Oli, President Ram Chandra Poudel, and other ministers. The private school of Foreign Minister Arzu Deuba was also set ablaze. In response, authorities lifted the social media ban late Monday, imposed curfews in Kathmandu and Lalitpur, closed schools, and deployed the Nepal Army to restore order.

Despite these measures, the situation spiraled further. On Tuesday morning, Prime Minister Oli resigned, saying his decision was intended to pave the way for political stability. Several cabinet ministers, including Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak, Water Supply Minister Pradeep Yadav, Youth and Sports Minister Teju Lal Chaudhary, and Agriculture Minister Ram Nath Adhikari, also stepped down.

India has heightened security along its border with Nepal, while nine foreign embassies, including those of the US, UK, France, Germany, Japan, and Australia, expressed deep concern over the violence and urged calm.

With its main airport closed, a curfew in place, and leadership in turmoil, Nepal faces an unprecedented crisis. The government has promised compensation for victims, free medical care for the injured, and an inquiry panel whose report is expected within 15 days. However, uncertainty looms as the country struggles to restore normalcy amid continuing unrest.