Geneva: Negotiations between the United States and Iran over Tehran’s nuclear programme have entered a critical phase in Geneva, with both sides reporting limited progress while warning that major disagreements still stand in the way of a final deal.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi said the talks have produced agreement on general guiding principles that could shape a future framework. He stressed that the understanding does not yet amount to a final agreement but reflects movement toward common ground.
Diplomatic sources confirmed that negotiators are working on draft proposals and are expected to continue discussions in the coming weeks.
Despite the cautious optimism, core disputes remain unresolved. Washington wants Iran to significantly limit its nuclear activities to prevent the development of nuclear weapons. Tehran insists its nuclear programme is peaceful and says it will not abandon uranium enrichment, which it considers a sovereign right.
Iran is also demanding the lifting of economic sanctions in return for nuclear restrictions. The United States is seeking broader concessions, including limits on Iran’s missile programme and its regional influence, demands Tehran has firmly rejected.
Iranian officials have also reiterated that their missile programme is not open for negotiation.
Tehran has rejected pressure from Israel, which has urged the complete dismantling of Iran’s nuclear infrastructure. Israeli leaders argue that any partial agreement could leave Iran with the capacity to develop nuclear weapons.
The diplomatic efforts are unfolding amid rising military tensions in the region. The United States has strengthened its naval presence in Middle Eastern waters, while Iran has conducted military exercises and temporarily restricted access to parts of the Strait of Hormuz, a key global oil shipping route.
Washington has warned that military action remains an option if diplomacy fails, while Iranian leaders have warned they will respond firmly to any attack.
The Strait of Hormuz carries roughly one fifth of the world’s oil shipments, making any disruption a serious concern for global energy markets. Investors and energy traders are closely monitoring developments, with markets reacting cautiously to the uncertainty.
The renewed negotiations follow a period of heightened confrontation in 2025, including reported strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities and escalating regional tensions. Oman has played a mediating role in bringing both sides back to the negotiating table.
Economic pressures and domestic challenges within Iran have also added urgency to the talks, as sanctions continue to weigh heavily on the country’s economy.
Diplomats say the coming weeks will be decisive. Continued progress could lead to a framework agreement, possible limits on enriched uranium stockpiles and discussions on limited sanctions relief. Failure could increase the risk of military confrontation and further destabilise an already tense region.
For now, both sides appear committed to diplomacy, but the path to a lasting agreement remains uncertain.