Kuala Lumpur: Malaysia has moved decisively to bolster its nuclear regulatory framework with the passage of an amended atomic energy law, a development that strengthens oversight over all activities involving radioactive and nuclear materials. The updated legislation, which officially came into force on Monday, is part of Kuala Lumpur’s broader strategy to ensure public safety, align with international norms, and prepare the country for potential future nuclear energy projects.
The law now mandates that any activity related to atomic energy including the import, export, transit, or transshipment of nuclear and radioactive materials, equipment, and related technology requires explicit government permission. In addition, nuclear facility proposals must now include a detailed decommissioning plan before construction begins, ensuring that waste management and closure procedures are properly planned from the outset. Operators are also required to maintain comprehensive accounting and control systems for all nuclear materials, increasing transparency and accountability.
Authorities have emphasized that the amendments are designed to protect workers, the public, and the environment. Inspections, reporting obligations, and safeguards have been formalized under the oversight of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), signaling Malaysia’s commitment to international safety standards. The law also establishes clear liability in the event of nuclear damage and introduces strict criminal penalties for violations, including sabotage or illegal handling of nuclear materials, with sentences ranging from 30 to 40 years in prison or, in extreme cases, the death penalty.
Experts note that the law comes at a critical juncture as Malaysia explores nuclear energy as part of its long-term energy strategy. With rising electricity demand and ambitious net-zero emission targets set for 2050, nuclear power is being considered as a stable, low-carbon alternative to fossil fuels. By providing long-term licenses of up to 40 years and a robust legal framework, the government aims to encourage both public and private investment in nuclear infrastructure.
The amendments also strengthen Malaysia’s compliance with international treaties and safeguard agreements, elevating its role in global nuclear cooperation. Observers suggest that the law could position the country as a responsible and reliable partner in peaceful nuclear initiatives, while also supporting its climate-action objectives.
Regulators are expected to rigorously enforce the new provisions, ensuring that all nuclear and radioactive operations operate under strict supervision. Analysts believe that the success of this legal overhaul will hinge on transparent implementation and alignment with international best practices. The move marks a significant step in Malaysia’s energy transition and could signal the country’s emergence as a key player in Southeast Asia’s evolving nuclear landscape.