Dakar: Climate change is worsening long standing tensions between farmers and herders in Senegal, as rising temperatures and irregular rainfall reduce access to land and water in rural areas.
For generations, farming communities and nomadic herders have shared land across parts of west Africa. But in recent years, rainfall in Senegal has become less predictable and overall levels have declined. Farmers struggle to plan their planting seasons, while herders find it harder to locate grass and water for their animals.
As grazing areas dry up, many herders are forced to move their livestock further south in search of pasture. These movements often take place during harvest periods, increasing the risk that animals will stray into crop fields. Since many farms are unfenced, disputes break out when crops are damaged.
In some cases, these arguments have turned violent. Families on both sides say everyday tools used for farming or herding are sometimes used in moments of anger. Communities report deaths and injuries linked to such clashes, deepening fear and mistrust.
Farmers say herders are no longer following traditional grazing calendars, while herders argue that expanding farmland has reduced the space available for livestock. Both sides say they are under pressure simply to survive.
Senegal does not have a nationwide system to manage these conflicts. Instead, local leaders, elders, and community groups often step in to mediate. In some villages, dialogue meetings have helped reduce tension by clearly defining grazing routes and farming boundaries.
Experts warn that without better planning and support, climate stress will continue to inflame social tensions. The situation in rural Senegal shows how environmental change can threaten not just livelihoods, but also peace between communities that have lived side by side for generations.