Yangon: Myanmar’s military leader Min Aung Hlaing continues to hold decisive power in the country through a mix of political deals, loyalty networks and fear, even as the military pushes ahead with a tightly controlled election process.

More than four years after the army seized power, the general remains the central figure in Myanmar. Although he is not standing as a candidate, his influence reaches deep into the political system, the armed forces and state institutions.

Analysts say Min Aung Hlaing has strengthened his position by rewarding loyal officers with senior posts and business opportunities, while sidelining or punishing those seen as rivals. This system of patronage has helped him maintain unity within the military at a time when the country is facing widespread armed resistance.

The junta is also using the ongoing general election to project an image of stability and a return to civilian rule. However, most major opposition groups, including parties linked to the former elected government, have been dissolved or barred from participating. Critics say this has turned the vote into a process that mainly benefits military backed parties.

Voting is taking place in phases, with large parts of the country excluded because of fighting between the army and ethnic armed groups or pro democracy forces. Turnout has been reported as low in several urban areas, reflecting public distrust and fear.

At the same time, Myanmar remains locked in a brutal civil conflict. Millions of people have been displaced, the economy is under strain, and humanitarian needs continue to rise. Despite this, the military leadership has shown little sign of loosening its grip.

International pressure on the junta is also growing. Legal proceedings linked to alleged crimes against the Rohingya minority and continued criticism from the United Nations have further isolated the military government. Still, these challenges have so far failed to weaken Min Aung Hlaing’s control at home.

For many in Myanmar, the election has brought little hope of real change. As fighting continues and political space remains tightly closed, the country’s future appears firmly shaped by the man who has ruled since the 2021 coup, whether he appears on the ballot or not.